Here we are, starting the last month of the summer season. Now's the time to start thinking about protecting yourself from influenza and Covid by getting your annual vaccines.
Let's start with Covid-19
It appears that Covid is with us to stay. Thankfully, most of us have gained some immunity through infection or vaccination (or both). So in general, people aren’t as easily infected and filling up hospital beds in the frightening numbers we saw four years ago. But that doesn’t mean we’re home free.
The US is currently in the worstsummer surgesince 2022. In Washtenaw County, Michigan, we’re seeing a big increase in the number of infections. The amount of Covid virus found in the wastewater in many local communities is increasing too -- another indicator that it’s affecting more people. Though fewer people get seriously ill from Covid compared to a few years ago, it's still the older folks who are at the highest risk from serious illness and death. And besides the acute illness, long Covid is a known consequence that can have long-term effects on people of all ages.
Experts continue to follow how the SARS-CoV-2 virus is mutating. The emergence of newCovid-19 virus variantscontinues, and the science is fascinating. The variants of concern now are descendants of Omicron, which caused a huge surge of infections in 2021/22. If you're interested, the major new variant is JN.1, and there are two subvariants of that ((KP.2 and KP.3) that are currently responsible for much of the activity right now. Scientists have found that the older vaccines are generally not all that effective against these new variants. The ability of the virus to change itself is much of the reason we keep seeing surges in infection rates.
Vaccination
While Covid isn't as scary as it was several years ago, it can still cause serious illness. Prevention is important, and vaccination is one of the best ways to do that. You may or may not have been vaccinated for Covid in the past, but either way your immunity has likely weakened. Staying up-to-date on the Covid-19 vaccine will decrease the chance you'll come down with Covid in the coming months. Even if you do, you're not as likely to be seriously ill or have long-term consequences. Stay up-to-date by getting your annual vaccination.
The 2024/25 vaccines approved by FDA last week are both mRNA vaccines and should be available in pharmacies soon. The mRNA vaccines both target the K.2 variant of the JN.1 line, which is currently one of the most prevalent strains. There may be a non-mRNA vaccine coming from Novavax, too, but it hasn't been FDA-approved so far. Novavax has produced Covid vaccines with traditional technology since 2022 and hopes to have an updated vaccine targeting the JN.1 variant.
Who should be vaccinated?
Everyone 6 months and older who isn't allergic to the vaccine should receive an updated Covid vaccine. Last year only about 22% of US adults (and about 40% of those 75 and over) received the2023/24 Covid vaccine. It's hoped that the numbers will be higher this year, since both disease- and vaccine-induced immunity wane over time. The more people vaccinated, the less opportunity for the virus to find places to live, replicate, and mutate into new variants.
The CDC guidelines for the newly-approved mRNA vaccines have just been published. In general, one dose of the updated vaccine is all you'll need. There may be more doses needed for young children who aren't already up-to-date on their Covid vaccine. Same as last year, it's okay to wait three months after a Covid infection to get vaccinated. Stay tuned, though. The guidelines for those who are immunocompromised haven't been updated yet from last year. And depending on how Covid behaves in the coming months, other recommendations may change too.
Influenza
Influenza is still with us, and still sickens and even kills a lot of people in the US. Believe it or not,CDC estimatesthere were at least 35 million illnesses, 400,000 hospitalizations, and 25,000 deaths from flu during the past season. Most of the illness happens during the fall and winter, from about November through April. And same as with Covid, prevention is the best defense.
The vaccine
Though the annual flu vaccine has never been 100% effective, it still protects people from getting infected. And it decreases the likelihood of severe illness if infection occurs. So getting your flu shot is important. There was a slight increase in the number of adults who were vaccinated last year, but it was still only about 50% of the US population. Protection of the individual improves when more people get vaccinated!
As usual, the2024/25 flu vaccinehas been changed from last year's. This year's will cover three different strains of influenza (two influenza type A viruses and one influenza type B virus) instead of the four that were covered last year. There will be a nasal spray for those under 50, as well as a high-dose and an adjuvanted formula for those 65 and older. The most common form will still be the "flu shot" we've all gotten used to over the years. Here's more information about the different flu vaccines.
Who should be vaccinated?
CDC recommendsthat everyone over 6 months of age who isn't allergic to vaccine components get a flu vaccine this year.
Get them both at the same time!
Make an appointment at your local pharmacy for both shots sometime in September or October. Yes, you'll have two sore arms (or one VERY sore arm!) for a day or two. But then you'll be protected when the viruses are in full swing. And don't forget to ask if you're up to date on your RSV and pneumonia vaccines, too. Protecting yourself from infectious diseases is easiest when you're up to date on all your vaccines.
As always, leave comments and questions below. Or contact us directly at Better My Meds -- we love hearing from you!
Good question Tony,
The quick answer is that variant identification isn’t done for most patients, so there isn’t anything to share. The Covid tests don’t differentiate between variants. So to identify which variant each person has, gene sequencing would need to be done for everyone. For the most part, the acute treatment plan is the same regardless of the variant, so instead of testing everyone experts just do random sampling to get an idea of trends. For example what new variants are out there, whether the old ones are still present, whether current treatments are still working despite changes in the variants we’re seeing. Over time some treatment plans have changed because they were no longer effective against the majority of the viruses circulating. And experts knew that because they watched the trends with random sampling. It would have taken a lot of time, personnel, and dollars to test every infection, especially during the surge of late 2021.
I had a significant increase in the number of atrial fibrillation episodes experienced after receiving the last covid vaccine. Do you have any information about cardiac reactions to the vaccine?
Thanks for your interesting question. I was able to find this article that looked at cases of atrial fibrillation after Covid vaccines. I was surprised to see that AF was reported, though in a very small number of people who got vaccinated. More in those who already had a diagnosis of AF than who didn’t. The authors didn’t posit a reason for the possible side effect, and I’ve not seen it listed anywhere else. Had you already had three or four Covid before that with no problem?
Just curious – if I receive both Covid and flu vaccines at the same time and have an adverse or severe reaction, can it be determined which vaccine caused it?
When multiple vaccinations are given at the same time it’s hard to tell for sure. Think of kids who sometimes get several at one doctor visit. For typical (though uncomfortable) adverse reactions like fever, aches, swelling and pain at the injection site, it probably doesn’t matter too much, since all vaccines can cause those symptoms and they don’t mean the vaccine can’t be given again. But for more severe problems, it would be important to report to the Vaers system. The more information the system has about vaccine-related adverse effects, and which vaccines might cause them, the more the researchers can learn about their safety.
I had a bad case of covid back in late 2021. They never told me which variant that I had. Is there a reason that that information is not shared?
Good question Tony,
The quick answer is that variant identification isn’t done for most patients, so there isn’t anything to share. The Covid tests don’t differentiate between variants. So to identify which variant each person has, gene sequencing would need to be done for everyone. For the most part, the acute treatment plan is the same regardless of the variant, so instead of testing everyone experts just do random sampling to get an idea of trends. For example what new variants are out there, whether the old ones are still present, whether current treatments are still working despite changes in the variants we’re seeing. Over time some treatment plans have changed because they were no longer effective against the majority of the viruses circulating. And experts knew that because they watched the trends with random sampling. It would have taken a lot of time, personnel, and dollars to test every infection, especially during the surge of late 2021.
I had a significant increase in the number of atrial fibrillation episodes experienced after receiving the last covid vaccine. Do you have any information about cardiac reactions to the vaccine?
Hi Martha,
Thanks for your interesting question. I was able to find this article that looked at cases of atrial fibrillation after Covid vaccines. I was surprised to see that AF was reported, though in a very small number of people who got vaccinated. More in those who already had a diagnosis of AF than who didn’t. The authors didn’t posit a reason for the possible side effect, and I’ve not seen it listed anywhere else. Had you already had three or four Covid before that with no problem?
Just curious – if I receive both Covid and flu vaccines at the same time and have an adverse or severe reaction, can it be determined which vaccine caused it?
That’s a good question Diane.
When multiple vaccinations are given at the same time it’s hard to tell for sure. Think of kids who sometimes get several at one doctor visit. For typical (though uncomfortable) adverse reactions like fever, aches, swelling and pain at the injection site, it probably doesn’t matter too much, since all vaccines can cause those symptoms and they don’t mean the vaccine can’t be given again. But for more severe problems, it would be important to report to the Vaers system. The more information the system has about vaccine-related adverse effects, and which vaccines might cause them, the more the researchers can learn about their safety.
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