Protecting your skin from sun damage

You may remember that the safety of sunscreens was called into question by the FDA in 2019. Research that had been recently published showed that ingredients from commonly used sunscreens were absorbed into the bloodstream in those who used it regularly. And some of those ingredients had no good evidence showing they were safe when absorbed into the bloodstream. Many of us were left wondering how to protect our skin from sun damage and possible skin cancer. With summer now in full swing, it's time to talk about what we've learned since then, and review the risks and benefits of sunscreens.

What's the problem?

Sunscreens have been marketed in the US for nearly a century. When they were first approved by the FDA, safety and efficacy research requirements weren't as strict as they are now.  So researchers did some work to catch up. And when they found that many sunscreen ingredients are easily absorbed into the bloodstream, the FDA got involved. It's FDA's job to make sure that all medications are both safe and effective, so they set out to  get more information. They're pushing hard to make sure manufacturers get data quickly. A new FDA rule was proposed in 2021 and is awaiting final approval before becoming law. It separates sunscreen ingredients into three groups: that are known to be unsafe, those known to be safe, and those for which we don't have sufficient information yet. 

FDA lists two ingredients, PABA (para-aminobenzoic acid) and trolamine salicylate, as NOT SAFE when used in sunscreens. Two other ingredients, titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, are on the SAFE list, and you'll find them in commonly marketed products. Then there's a long list of ingredients that still need to be researched (see link above). The FDA is hoping for research results before finalizing the ruling, so that we can all use sunscreens confidently.

But does that mean sunscreens are dangerous?

Absolutely not!

Clearly there's good reason to make sure adequate research is done to be sure sunscreens are safe. That's the FDA's goal, and is no different than the way most medicines are researched. Until recently we only had information about how sunscreens work on our skin. Now the FDA tis requiring information about how they work in our bodies.

This takeaway is important, though. The fact that sunscreen chemicals get into the blood does NOT mean they're all inherently unsafe. It just means we need more information one way or the other.

Sunscreens protect against sun damage and skin cancers.

There's been no change in the recommendations of experts to protect the skin against exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays. Sunscreen lotions, sprays, and creams are effective at this. Experts still recommend these products when no other form of sun protection is being used. Always follow the directions for use on the package, reapplying when necessary.

You can use other methods of skin protection too.

The ingredients that still require research are all chemical sunscreens, which work by absorbing UV rays before they can affect the skin. The two ingredients on the SAFE list (zinc oxide and titanium dioxide) are physical sunscreens, which totally block the UV rays from reaching the skin. With physical sunscreens, no chemicals reach the blood, which is a great advantage. The drawback here is that they're often difficult to apply, and since many products don't easily "rub in" they're always visible on the skin.

Another physical sunscreen is UV-blocking clothing, including hats and sunglasses. And don't forget, there's always the shade of a nearby tree! But remember, skin that's not covered with clothing still needs protection with a physical or chemical sunscreen.

Your pharmacist is always available to help you choose the product that's right for you!

Ask your pharmacist for help choosing between sunscreen products for adults and kids. Your pharmacist has a wealth of knowledge and experience to help you with all your over-the-counter product needs, as well as questions about prescription medicines. You can ask a question or start a conversation right below this article,  or contact us at BetterMyMeds!